Aug 13th, 2022 - Many immunocompromised patients mount suboptimal humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Here, we assessed the single-cell profile of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells post-mRNA vaccination in healthy individuals and patients with various forms of immunodeficiencies. Impaired vaccine-induced cell-mediated immunity was observed in many immunocompromised patients, particularly in solid-orga...

Aug 13th, 2022 - Social connection has been linked to reduced disease risk and enhanced antiviral immunity, but it is unclear whether online social connections have similar effects to those previously documented for in-person/offline social relationships, or whether online connections can substitute for in-person social relations when the latter are restricted. We examined this question in the context of the CO...

Aug 13th, 2022 - This observation study examines coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) data from outbreak and other sites in China and worldwide in order to examine the epidemiological pattern of COVID-19 before the acquisition of immunity through widespread vaccination and infection. COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality data for January 2020 to February 2021 were obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease ...

Aug 13th, 2022 - Long-term data on the humoral immune response and cross-neutralization against variants of concern in children more than one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection are currently missing and urgently needed in order to predict the likelihood of reinfections and guide vaccination strategies.

Aug 12th, 2022 - Comparative analyses of the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-regimens will inform optimized vaccine strategies. Here we analyze the humoral and cellular immune response following heterologous and homologous vaccination strategies in a convenience cohort of 331 healthy individuals. All regimens induce immunity to the vaccine antigen. Immunity af...

Aug 12th, 2022 - Adenovirus vector vaccines have been widely and successfully deployed in response to COVID-19. However, despite inducing potent T cell immunity, improvement of vaccine-specific antibody responses upon homologous boosting is modest compared to other technologies. Here, we describe a system enabling modular decoration of adenovirus capsid surfaces with antigens and demonstrate potent induction of...

Aug 12th, 2022 - Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on some disease modifying therapies (DMTs), particularly anti-CD20 and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) modulators, are at increased risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) and death. COVID-19 vaccinations are effective in preventing infection and severe disease, but humoral response to vaccination and outcomes of COVID-19 infection after vaccination ...

Aug 12th, 2022 - The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern spread globally, causing resurgences of COVID-19 worldwide1,2. Delta's emergence in the UK occurred on the background of a heterogeneous landscape of immunity and relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Here we analyse 52,992 virus genomes from England together with 93,649 global genomes to reconstruct the emergence of Delta, and quantify its intr...

Aug 12th, 2022 - Once the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19) outbreak to be pandemic, massive efforts have been launched by researchers around the globe to combat this emerging infectious disease. Strategies that must be investigated such as expanding testing capabilities, developing effective medicines, as well as developing safe and effective vaccines for...

Aug 11th, 2022 - Editor's note: Find the latest COVID-19 news and guidance in Medscape's Coronavirus Resource Center. The CDC today announced that because the risk of "medically significant" COVID-19 has decreased, some overall public health measures the agency initially recommended may no longer be necessary. For example, CDC recommendations on social distancing, quarantining and testing children for COVID-19 ...

Aug 11th, 2022 - Cold, flu, and immunity dietary supplement product sales have skyrocketed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Supporting or boosting the immune system has become an important reason for using dietary supplements, and many consumers are purchasing products through online platforms. To examine whether select dietary supplement products advertised as supporting or boosting the immune system ...

Aug 11th, 2022 - SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) BA.4 and BA.5 sub-lineages, first detected in South Africa, have changes relative to Omicron BA.1 including substitutions in the spike receptor binding domain. Here we isolated live BA.4 and BA.5 viruses and measured BA.4/BA.5 neutralization elicited by BA.1 infection either in the absence or presence of previous vaccination as well as from vaccination without BA....

Aug 10th, 2022 - We evaluated and compared humoral immune responses after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among naïve individuals, asymptomatically infected individuals, and recovered patients with varying severity. In this multicenter, prospective cohort study, blood samples from 666 participants were collected before and after two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Among 392 SARS-CoV-2-naïve individu...

Aug 10th, 2022 - Host factors play critical roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated pathology and the severity of COVID-19. In this study, we systematically analyzed the roles of SARS-CoV-2-induced host factors, doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), and S100A9 in viral pathogenesis. In autopsied subjects with COVID-19 and pre-existing chronic liver disease, we observed high levels of DCLK1 and S100A9 expression ...

Aug 10th, 2022 - History The presentation of influenza virus infection varies; however, it usually includes many of the symptoms described below. Patients with influenza who have preexisting immunity or who have received vaccine may have milder symptoms. Onset of illness can occur suddenly over the course of a day, or it can progress more slowly over the course of several days. Typical signs and symptoms includ...

Aug 10th, 2022 - History The presentation of influenza virus infection varies; however, it usually includes many of the symptoms described below. Patients with influenza who have preexisting immunity or who have received vaccine may have milder symptoms. Onset of illness can occur suddenly over the course of a day, or it can progress more slowly over the course of several days. Typical signs and symptoms includ...

Aug 10th, 2022 - High efficacy in terms of protection from severe COVID-19 has been demonstrated for several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, patients with compromised immune status develop a weaker and less stable immune response to vaccination. Strong immune response may not always translate into clinical benefit, therefore it is important to synthesise evidence on modified schemes and types of vaccination in th...

Aug 10th, 2022 - SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity: silver bullet or silver lining?|2022|Suryawanshi R,Ott M,|

Aug 9th, 2022 - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has caused millions of infections and deaths globally over a 2-year period. Some populations including those living with HIV and/or cancer are reported to be at a higher risk of infection and severe disease. HIV infection leads to a depletion of CD4+ T cells which impa...

Aug 9th, 2022 - There is limited knowledge on durability of neutralization capacity and antibody affinity maturation generated following two versus three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in naïve versus convalescent individuals (hybrid immunity) against the highly transmissible Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 subvariants. Virus neutralization titers against the vaccine-homologous strain (WA1) and Omicron sublinea...