May 20th, 2022 - Rifapentine (RPT) is a long-acting rifamycin that can be used weekly with isoniazid (INH) as a first-line regimen in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Although this regimen offers several potential benefits, the use of weekly RPT plus INH is limited in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to lack of drug interaction dat...

May 20th, 2022 - Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease in which skin cells build up and develop thick, red and white scaly patches on the skin. There is an unmet medical need for effective treatment in pediatric patients and this study is being done to evaluate risankizumab in pediatric participants with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. This study will assess the change in disease symptoms....

May 20th, 2022 - Intermittent caloric restricted or fasting has numerous health effects including the reduction in numerous cardiovascular and pulmonary disease risk factors. The cellular programs activated by caloric restriction are similarly regulated in preclinical and clinical studies in response to a 24-hour fast. We have found that a beneficial effect of a 24-hour fasting blunts the activation of a compon...

May 20th, 2022 - The primary goal of the study is to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of DP in the setting of co-administration with first-line ART regimens (EFV-, LPV/r- or DTG-based ART) in children without malaria. Up to 190 children will be enrolled in one of the 5 groups: 1, HIV-infected children age 3 - 10 years on LPV/r-based ART (n=20 for signal dose DP, 30 standard 3-dose DP). 2, HIV-infecte...

May 20th, 2022 - Background Currently, approximately 387 million people worldwide are affected by Diabetes Mellitus. Due to population growth, urbanization, ageing and the rising prevalence of obesity the numbers of individuals with diabetes will grow. The American Diabetes Association estimated the total cost of diabetes in the US in 2012 at $245 billion. The greatest share of those costs results from the trea...

May 20th, 2022 - Introduction: Sleep disorders are becoming a widespread health problem within the general population. Beyond the tiredness itself, these disorders have been found to be related to physical and mental issues like cardiovascular pathologies, obesity, depression and anxiety. This makes clear the necessity of achieving a quality rest to prevent potential chronic diseases. On this issue, Polysomnogr...

May 20th, 2022 - Purpose This study will investigate the impact of health information on choices that parents make about food for their children. Participants will use a virtual reality model of a buffet to make food choices. Mothers and fathers with a biological child between the ages of 3-7 years old may be eligible for this study. Participants are recruited from the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Study pa...

May 20th, 2022 - More than ever before, people are eating more calories from food than what they are burning off through exercise and other activities, and this imbalance is causing the rising rates of obesity and diabetes in the US and throughout the world. The different types of body fat are central players in this process. The white fat stores excess calories coming from food, while brown fat - also known as...

May 20th, 2022 - The investigator will record the medical history of each patient and information such as age, body size (weight, height) and body mass index (BMI = kg / m ^ 2). Girls will also be given the time of appearance of menstruation, a factor that needs to be evaluated because the growth of the skeleton continues three years after its appearance. Patients will be subjected to Adam's Test, x-ray's and a...

May 20th, 2022 - This project is a continuation of an extensive longitudinal population-based epidemiological investigation of the etiology and determinants of type 2 diabetes (and its complications) and formerly arthritis. The original baseline observations were made on the residents of the Gila Indian Reservation, predominantly Pima Indians, in 1965. We attempt to reexamine the population at two-yearly interv...

May 20th, 2022 - Popular weight loss strategies often prescribe targeted reduction of dietary carbohydrate or fat. Recent clinical trials in obese subjects have found that low-carbohydrate diets result in greater weight loss compared with low-fat diets on a time scale of months when diet adherence was likely the highest. One hypothesis regarding the mechanism of improved weight loss with low carbohydrate diets ...

May 20th, 2022 - The balance between energy expenditure (EE) and energy intake ultimately determines body weight. Resting EE is the major component (60-75%) of total EE in an adult human being. Resting EE dynamically adapts to environmental changes such as ambient temperature. In our on-going study of environmental temperature changes within and around the thermoneutral zone, we observed that healthy young men ...

May 20th, 2022 - Approximately 50% of Pima Indian children from diabetic pregnancies develop T2DM by age 25. Since intrauterine exposure to diabetes leads to a higher risk of diabetes in the offspring, the risk might be greatly diminished by preventing diabetes during pregnancy or ameliorating its effects. Standard prenatal and obstetrical care has not been able to abolish this excess risk in the Pima Indians, ...

May 20th, 2022 - Background: Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) has dramatically increased worldwide and is more prevalent in women than men. Similarly, obesity rates have continued to rise, most notably in minorities. Since NNS consumption has been linked to obesity, we propose studying NNS effects specifically in minority women. NNS are frequently consumed in combination with prescription medicatio...

May 20th, 2022 - Background: - We are studying people s psychological experiences and how these relate to the way people respond have when they see information communicated in different ways. We are testing multiple research questions in this research. Objectives: - To learn about how to design future research studies. Also to learn about how to best give people information about health topics. Eligibility: - W...

May 20th, 2022 - LIFE-Moms (Phoenix center) is a randomized clinical trial in overweight and obese pregnant women that will test the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention on gestational weight gain, control of maternal hyperglycemia, and post-partum return to pre-pregnancy weight. The Phoenix center will be conducted in collaboration between the Phoenix Indian Medical Center (PIMC) nurse midwifery and ...

May 20th, 2022 - Fetal growth abnormalities, such as macrosomia and intrauterine growth retardation, are an important cause for increased perinatal mortality in the United States. Toward this end, accurate fetal weight determinations are very important for guiding prenatal care. Three-dimensional ultrasound is a recent technology that provides a new way to evaluate the fetus. This technique allows one to arbitr...

May 20th, 2022 - The prevalence of obesity in the United States has reached alarming proportions with 33% of adults over the age of 20 being overweight. In some populations, obesity is even more prevalent. Although there have been a number of advances in our understanding of the genetics of obesity, the environmental influences on the genetic expression of obesity requires further investigation. In an effort to...

May 20th, 2022 - Insulin resistance and a defect in early insulin secretion are risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A recent longitudinal analysis which tracked the development of diabetes demonstrated that both insulin action and early insulin secretion deteriorate as individuals progress from normal to impaired glucose tolerance and then to diabetes. These results suggest that both i...

May 20th, 2022 - Obesity leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular risk factors and death from cardiovascular disease. Therefore, interventions that slow or reverse the obesity epidemic are essential. Community-based interventions can reach those most at risk for obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors. Interventions based on community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles develop in...