May 20th, 2022 - Approximately 50% of Pima Indian children from diabetic pregnancies develop T2DM by age 25. Since intrauterine exposure to diabetes leads to a higher risk of diabetes in the offspring, the risk might be greatly diminished by preventing diabetes during pregnancy or ameliorating its effects. Standard prenatal and obstetrical care has not been able to abolish this excess risk in the Pima Indians, ...

May 20th, 2022 - Objective: To study the natural history of normal pregnancy and the most frequent pregnancy complications responsible for the excessive rate of perinatal morbidity and mortality, in order to develop models to predict the occurrence of these complications of pregnancy at the earliest possible time. The study focuses on the prediction of preterm labor with intact membranes, preterm prelabor ruptu...

May 20th, 2022 - This project is a continuation of an extensive longitudinal population-based epidemiological investigation of the etiology and determinants of type 2 diabetes (and its complications) and formerly arthritis. The original baseline observations were made on the residents of the Gila Indian Reservation, predominantly Pima Indians, in 1965. We attempt to reexamine the population at two-yearly interv...

May 20th, 2022 - Over the past two decades, the number of subjects with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes have been rising. Characterizing these disease states reveals that inflammation is a common feature of CMD; however, mechanistic links between inflammation and these disease states in humans remain poorly unders...

May 20th, 2022 - LIFE-Moms (Phoenix center) is a randomized clinical trial in overweight and obese pregnant women that will test the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention on gestational weight gain, control of maternal hyperglycemia, and post-partum return to pre-pregnancy weight. The Phoenix center will be conducted in collaboration between the Phoenix Indian Medical Center (PIMC) nurse midwifery and ...

May 20th, 2022 - The purpose of this protocol is to examine the long-term impact of treatment with the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan on progression of diabetic kidney disease in American Indians with type 2 diabetes. Data from this protocol will also be used to guide the search for candidate biomarkers of diabetic end-organ damage in serum and urine and to identify mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease ...

May 20th, 2022 - In persons with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), hypoglycemia is the major limiting factor in achieving optimal blood glycemic control. All persons with T1DM are at risk for hypoglycemia (blood glucose level < 70 mg/dl), which is life-threatening and accompanied by serious physical and psychological symptoms, resulting in a profound fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) and reduced quality of life. Young adults wi...

May 20th, 2022 - African-American women experience disproportionately high rates of conditions related to insulin resistance, specifically type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Africa, T2D and CVD have also become leading causes of death for women. Early recognition of risk and the implementation of preventive measures could improve both quality of life and longevity as well as decrease hea...

May 20th, 2022 - Resveratrol is found in the leaves and skin of grapes, in peanuts and in the roots of the plant polygonum cupsidatum. Although used since early years in Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, it came into prominence in the 1990 s as it was believed to be the major reason for the positive effect of wine on cardiovascular health and the French Paradox. Since then, studies have shown that resverat...

May 20th, 2022 - People with Stargardt disease, age related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) have decrease in central vision from damage to photoreceptors. One of the mechanisms causing damage is high levels of oxygen in the eye. This damage produces specific biomarkers that can be measured in eye fluid (aqueous humor). In this study, these biomarkers will be assessed in people with Star...

May 20th, 2022 - Type 2 Diabetes in youth is an emerging public health concern that disproportionately affects minority children. Among minority youth, African-Americans have the highest complication rates, yet the reasons underlying this health disparity are not fully understood. Furthermore, current treatment options are limited, and African-American youth have high treatment failure rates. Metformin therapy ...

May 20th, 2022 - The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the performance of the Disposable Sensor (DS5) in subjects age 2 - 80 years, for the span of 170 hours (7 days). This is a multi-center study.

May 20th, 2022 - Diabetes type two is a debilitating disease that leads to chronic morbidity such as accelerated microvascular disease. Accelerated microvascular disease may produce blindness, end stage renal disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and limb ischemia. Strategies to prevent or delay microvascular disease have the potential to improve the lives of millions and prevent catastrophic illness. The maj...

May 20th, 2022 - Diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of blindness worldwide. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that 285 million people worldwide have diabetes mellitus and approximately 7% of these individuals are affected by diabetic macular edema. EYLEA® (aflibercept) injection, an anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) agent, has been approved by the FDA and EMA for the treatment...

May 20th, 2022 - Treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves lifelong use of exogenous insulin to manage blood glucose concentration. As with the rest of the population, people living with T1D are recommended to engage in regular exercise for a variety of health and fitness reasons . However, glycaemic control during exercise remains a particular challenge for this population due to rapid changes in insulin sen...

May 20th, 2022 - This protocol establishes a clinical database and biospecimen repository for potential use in subsequent research projects approved by the NIH IRB, such as the identification of novel factors relevant to the pathogenesis, progression, and response to treatment of a variety of retinal conditions, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy and their associated sy...

May 20th, 2022 - This research protocol is designed to study the genetic basis of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and related conditions in Africa. This project, the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) Study, has been continuously funded for over a decade by multiple institutes at NIH including an R01 grant from the NIDDK to Dr. Rotimi when he was a Professor at Howard University. As a result, the AADM study has a we...

May 20th, 2022 - There is no standardized, widely-acceptable, evidence-based prophylaxis and treatment protocols to prevent macular edema after cataract surgery (PCME). Current leading theory of pathogenesis of PCME (Irvine Gass) involves inflammation caused by surgical trauma which induces the release of inflammatory mediators like cytokines, prostaglandins and other vasopermeability factors, which disrupt the...

May 20th, 2022 - Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, without use of select guideline-recommended medications in the previous year will be identified from administrative claims. Primary care providers will be identified, randomly selected and randomized to the intervention arm or control arm. All eligible patients for that provider will be included. The pa...

May 20th, 2022 - Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a transoral endoscopic procedure that utilizes full-thickness sutures extending from the prepyloric antrum to the gastroesophageal junction, creating a tubular sleeve along the lesser curvature with a gastric volume of approximately 30%. After the first feasibility study was available in 2013, multiple investigators published data on safety and efficacy o...