May 20th, 2022 - The NIH provides a unique opportunity for research scientists to participate in the bench-to-bedside process, which is essential for the full implementation of translational medicine programs. The study of rare monogenetic and undiagnosed diseases is a complex bedside-to-bench-to-bedside endeavor. Recent studies show that rare genetic variants are more likely than common variants to have delete...

May 20th, 2022 - Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for approximately 25% of childhood cancer. Survival rates have improved, but outcomes for some subgroups, including infants and young adults remain poor, and survival for patients who relapse is < 50%, despite allogeneic stem cell transplant following second remission. CD19 immune escape has been observed by several groups following CD19-C...

May 20th, 2022 - Background Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Although highly responsive to chemotherapy initially, SCLC relapses quickly and becomes refractory to treatment within a few months. Extrapulmonary small cell cancers are extremely rare and management of systemic disease with chemotherapy is patterned after the approach used in SCLC. The inability to destroy...

May 20th, 2022 - This is a dose-escalation and expansion study of ASP1948 as a single agent and in combination with nivolumab or pembrolizumab. The study consists of 3 periods for monotherapy and combination therapy: screening, treatment and follow up, followed by an optional Re-treatment period for participants that qualify. The escalation cohorts will evaluate escalating dose levels of ASP1948 in participants...

May 20th, 2022 - The study is designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of JNJ-64619178, and to select a dose(s) and regimen(s) that may be used in future clinical development. Study evaluations will include safety, pharmacokinetics, biomarkers and efficacy evaluations (Disease Assessments). Adverse events will be evaluated throughout the study. The study is divided into 4 periods: a screening phas...

May 20th, 2022 - WRAPPED2 (Women's Responses to Adjusted Product Placement and its Effects on Diet - 2) is a natural experiment with a prospective matched controlled cluster design. The setting is a discount supermarket chain in the United Kingdom regularly used by disadvantaged families for their main shop. The intervention is a store refurbishment programme that involves creation of a new fresh fruit and vege...

May 20th, 2022 - Severe aplastic anemia (SAA),myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) are life-threatening bone marrow disorders. For SAA patients, long term survival can be achieved with immunosuppressive treatment. However, of those patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy, one quarter to one third will not respond, and about 50% of responders will relapse. Althoug...

May 20th, 2022 - This is a prospective (the participants are identified and then followed forward in time for the outcome of the study), multicenter (when more than one hospital or medical school team work on a medical research study), post-marketing surveillance ([PMS], surveillance of drugs, devices, appliances, etc., for efficacy or adverse effects, after they have been released for general sale) study. The ...

May 20th, 2022 - This open label (all participants know the identity of the study drug), multicenter (more than one study site), first-in-human study consists of 2 parts. Part 1 is a Amivantamab Monotherapy and Combination Dose Escalations and Part 2 Amivantamab Monotherapy and Combination Dose Expansions. In Part 1, participants with evaluable NSCLC will be enrolled into cohorts at increasing dose levels of Am...

May 20th, 2022 - Rifapentine (RPT) is a long-acting rifamycin that can be used weekly with isoniazid (INH) as a first-line regimen in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Although this regimen offers several potential benefits, the use of weekly RPT plus INH is limited in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to lack of drug interaction dat...

May 20th, 2022 - Immunological disorders predispose affected individuals to a myriad of complications, including infection, immune dysregulation with autoimmune disease and aberrant inflammatory responses, and malignancy. Advances in genetic testing have propelled the discovery of the genetic underpinnings of numerous immunodeficiencies. However, a more complete picture of the immune system is needed to better ...

May 20th, 2022 - PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of M3814 (peposertib) when given in combination with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of the combination of M3814 (peposertib) with radiotherapy. II. To estimate the rates of grade 3 or greater acute toxicities of the regimen. III. To estimate late...

May 20th, 2022 - We propose to conduct a molecular epidemiology study with a subset of participants in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective cohort of 57,310 licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. Blood and urine samples will be collected from 1,990 cancer-free male AHS participants over the age of 50. These participants will also be asked to complete a brief interview (approxim...

May 20th, 2022 - This study is designed to assess the safety and efficacy of lenvatinib in combination with pembrolizumab versus standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy, and to also assess the safety and efficacy of lenvatinib monotherapy in participants with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) that have progressed after platinum therapy and a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1...

May 20th, 2022 - The virus SARS-CoV-2 causes severe pneumonia which, in a proportion of patients progresses towards an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) mainly related to the antiviral immune response. To date, there is no available treatment that significantly improves outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) ligands control vascular leakage in the airways...

May 20th, 2022 - Intermittent caloric restricted or fasting has numerous health effects including the reduction in numerous cardiovascular and pulmonary disease risk factors. The cellular programs activated by caloric restriction are similarly regulated in preclinical and clinical studies in response to a 24-hour fast. We have found that a beneficial effect of a 24-hour fasting blunts the activation of a compon...

May 20th, 2022 - Study Description: Training on a novel motor skill often involves periods of active practice interspersed with periods of rest. During early motor skill learning, performance improvements develop primarily during short offline rest periods that occur between practice blocks. These performance gains during rest have been referred to as 'micro-offline consolidation'. Primary motor cortex (M1) is ...

May 20th, 2022 - Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality individuals with mitochondrial disease, frequently triggering metabolic decompensation, multiorgan dysfunction, and neurologic deterioration. In the context of the recent COVID19 pandemic, people with mitochondrial disease are at increased risk for severe disease and poor outcomes if infected. However, the mechanisms for this link between in...

May 20th, 2022 - Worldwide, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. In NSCLC the most prevalent actionable driver mutations result in the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Osimertinib and Lazertinib are EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Amivantamab is a novel bispecific antibody that targets the extracellular domain of both EGFR and MET and can inhibit tumor growth driven b...

May 20th, 2022 - This is a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter phase III registration clinical study to observe, compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of Toripalimab combined with Lenvatinib versus placebo combined with Lenvatinib as the 1st-line therapy for advanced HCC. Eligible subjects will be randomized at a ratio of 2:1 to receive Toripalimab combined with Lenvati...