May 20th, 2022 - The NIH provides a unique opportunity for research scientists to participate in the bench-to-bedside process, which is essential for the full implementation of translational medicine programs. The study of rare monogenetic and undiagnosed diseases is a complex bedside-to-bench-to-bedside endeavor. Recent studies show that rare genetic variants are more likely than common variants to have delete...

May 20th, 2022 - At present, there are no clear guidelines as to when antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection should be stopped in the setting of elevated liver enzymes. In large part, this is due to a limited understanding of the natural history of antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity. Although several antiretrovirals have been reported to cause fatal acute hepatitis, more ofte...

May 20th, 2022 - Objective The purpose of this protocol is to understand the mechanism whereby neural processes of socioemotional cognition associated with alcohol use disorders lead to negative drinking consequences. This study is a two-stage procedure to both provide evidence of a response modulation deficit associated with socioemotioal processing in individuals with alcohol use disorder and investigate how ...

May 20th, 2022 - The purpose of this protocol is to study the natural history, genetics and pathophysiology of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), adult-onset Still s disease (AOSD) and related inflammatory conditions. One of seven subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), sJIA contributes disproportionately to the morbidity and mortality of JIA and is considered by many to be the most severe ...

May 20th, 2022 - Computed Tomography (CT) images the body. Different methods of creating CT pictures are avilable on a research basis that enables higher resolution imaging using the same aquisition. The purpose of this research study is to learn wheteher these new high resolution images derived from the original CT scan provide similar or perhaps more information than the current standard clinical method.

May 20th, 2022 - Background: We identify healing in the context of chronic or life-threatening illness as a patient-reported outcome consisting of growth or benefit in psychological, social and/or spiritual dimensions representing improvement well above the patient s pre-morbidity baseline. This positive outcome often occurs despite substantial suffering during the illness, even in terminal cases. Current liter...

May 20th, 2022 - Our goal with the Williams syndrome (WS) and Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis (SVAS), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Tissue Bank is to collect enough samples from individuals with these rare conditions to ask questions about the genes that cause the many WS and SVAS related phenotypes, and to determine the genetic and environmental changes that modify the severity of disease from person to person...

May 20th, 2022 - The presence of ischemia is a prerequisite for the improvement of clinical outcomes with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It is well-known that the discrepancy exists between angiographic stenosis severity and the presence of myocardial ischemia. This discrepancy cannot completely overcome with even more precise invasive imaging modalities such as intravascular ultrasound or optical co...

May 20th, 2022 - The investigators hypothesize that temporal interference non-invasive deep brain stimulation (TI-NDBS) will be well tolerated and effective at manipulating brain activity and reducing drug cravings. The investigators will investigate whether stimulation with a mild current from temporal interference non-invasive deep brain stimulation (TI-NDBS) to the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC), the anteri...

May 20th, 2022 - Intermittent caloric restricted or fasting has numerous health effects including the reduction in numerous cardiovascular and pulmonary disease risk factors. The cellular programs activated by caloric restriction are similarly regulated in preclinical and clinical studies in response to a 24-hour fast. We have found that a beneficial effect of a 24-hour fasting blunts the activation of a compon...

May 20th, 2022 - Background: Mutations involving BRCA1-Associated Protein-1 (BAP1), a nuclear deubiquitinase involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, DNA repair, and cellular energetics, have emerged as one of the most common somatic mutations in malignant mesotheliomas. Germline mutations involving BAP1 predispose individuals to mesothelioma as well as a variety of other malignancies including lun...

May 20th, 2022 - Emergency study to test the safety of Descartes-30 cells in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) AND COVID-19

May 20th, 2022 - Objectives. The primary aim of this pilot study is to assess the effects of short-term, high-dose corticosteroid administration on the 12-week evolution of multiple sclerosis lesions with centripetal enhancement pattern on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in particular with respect to the development of a hypointense rim on 7-tesla phase images. In our prior work, the phase rim has been associ...

May 20th, 2022 - Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) can cure patients with a variety of bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) including severe aplastic anemia (SAA), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) associated with cytopenias. Patients with BMFS have traditionally been transplanted with bone marrow (BM) as a stem cell source. Although chronic gra...

May 20th, 2022 - Background: Metastatic digestive tract cancers, in particular esophageal, gastric, pancreatic and hepatobiliary carcinomas, are associated with poor survival beyond five years and poor response to existing therapies. Data from the National Cancer Institute Surgery Branch (NCI-SB) and from the literature support that metastatic cancers are potentially immunogenic and that tumor-infiltrating lymp...

May 20th, 2022 - Approximately 2 billion people worldwide are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), with 90% of individuals having latent infection (LTBI). The control of TB requires clearly delineated helper T cell (Th) 1 responses and, to a lesser extent, Th17 responses, which both play important roles in the induction and maintenance of protective immune responses in mouse models of TB infection and...

May 20th, 2022 - This is a randomized, double-blind study of rilzabrutinib in patients with persistent or chronic ITP, with an average platelet count of <30,000/μL (and no single platelet count >35,000/μL) on two counts at least 5 days apart in the 14 days before treatment begins. Patients will receive rilzabrutinib or placebo 400mg twice daily. For each patient, the study will last up to 60 weeks from the star...

May 20th, 2022 - Allergic inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy. These disorders are common, affecting up to 50 million Americans, and their pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Among allergic diseases, atopic dermatitis is common, with a prevalence of up to 20% in children. It is associated with the most ...

May 20th, 2022 - Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare disorder caused by hemizygous microdeletion of approximately 1.6 megabases on chromosomal band 7q11.23, typically by spontaneous mutation. The disorder is characterized by a collection of unique neuropsychiatric manifestations, including marked visuospatial construction deficits and hypersociability. Because the genes involved in WS are known, the study of neura...

May 20th, 2022 - Study Description: This protocol will collect information on frequency and severity of COVID infection for patients with rare diseases and community controls. Study Objectives: Primary Objective: To quantify the frequency and severity of COVID infection in patients with rare and common diseases, looking for conditions that increase risk of severe outcomes. Secondary Objective: To identify gene-...