May 20th, 2022 - As observed in other immunocompromised individuals with selective or combined T cell deficits, the prevalence and morbidity of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related disease is increased in patients with idiopathic CD4 T cell lymphocytopenia (ICL). The high burden and aggressive clinical course of HPV-associated disease in patients with ICL requires the development of effective preventive measures ...

May 20th, 2022 - Background -NCI-Frederick scientists performing in vitro studies involving human specimens have a need for a reliable and consistent source of samples which protects the donor from research risks. Objective -The purpose of this protocol is to establish a centralized repository for the collection and distribution of samples (either blood, buccal mucosal cells, semen, urine, or nail clippings) fr...

May 20th, 2022 - The Emphysema/COPD Research Center will enroll up to 3000 subjects at the University of Pittsburgh. The experimental procedures that will be conducted as a part of the Emphysema Research Registry include gathering basic personal information (e.g., name, address, phone number, etc.), asking basic screening questions (which may involve the examination of past, current, and future medical records ...

May 20th, 2022 - Objective This pilot clinical trial will aim to determine the feasibility and potential toxicities associated with treating patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with polyomavirus (PyV)-specific partially matched polyclonal allogeneic T cells. It will further provide initial efficacy data for this indication. Study Population Up to 18 subjects with definite PML, defined...

May 20th, 2022 - MDR-TB is a growing threat to international health. A recent report from WHO estimated that over 440,000 new cases of MDR-TB occurred in 127 countries in 2008, causing 150,000 deaths; this represents a 55% increase in the number of cases since 2000. Current treatment regimens have only a 58-67% success rate, and as many as 20% of those who fail to respond to treatment die of tuberculosis; those...

May 20th, 2022 - Between 80 and 100 allogeneic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCT) are performed every year at the NIH to treat a variety of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. The current transplant protocols at the NIH focus on research regarding the response of the underlying disease, the development of graft versus host disease (GVHD) as well as the feasibility and safety of a variety of transplant strateg...

May 20th, 2022 - Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) causes genital herpes and increases the risk of acquisition and transmission of HIV. An HSV-2 vaccine is not available. We will study a replication-defective HSV-2 vaccine, HSV529, that is deleted for 2 essential viral proteins, that can infect, but not replicate in normal cells. The goals of the study are to determine (a) the safety of HSV529 vaccine in persons w...

May 20th, 2022 - Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved survival in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type1 (HIV-1) infection. Despite recent development of more potent regimens with fewer toxicities and lower pill burden, there remains a subpopulation of subjects who fail to achieve and maintain viral suppression while on treatment. Factors known to contribute to virolog...

May 20th, 2022 - Viral infections in the normal host are usually self-limited as the innate and acquired immune systems mount successful antiviral responses. However, in some instances, apparently immunocompetent persons manifest infections with viruses that would otherwise be observed only in severely immunocompromised hosts. For example, cases of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis, esophagitis orgastriti...

May 20th, 2022 - Mutations in GATA2, a critical hematopoietic transcription factor, underlie a complex congenital disorder characterized by immunodeficiency, bone marrow failure, and lymphatic/vascular dysfunction. Patients with GATA2 deficiency may suffer from a striking variety of diseases including severe and recurrent infections, myelodysplasia/leukemia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, lymphedema, sensorine...

May 20th, 2022 - Background: The administration of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate complete, durable regressions in 20-25% of participants with metastatic melanoma. Recent studies have shown that these TIL predominantly recognize unique mutated neoantigens expressed by the cancer not shared by other melanomas. Administration of bulk autologous TIL to participants with a variety of ot...

May 20th, 2022 - The natural history of neurocognitive impairment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals remains poorly understood. While the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a decreased incidence of the most severe form of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), HIV-associated dementia, it does not appear to have impacted overall prevalence of HAND. ...

May 20th, 2022 - Preterm infants have increased numbers of viral infections in childhood. They are also more likely to die from infection during the neonatal and infant periods than infants born at term. While studies have demonstrated that premature infants have decreased adaptive and innate immune responses compared with infants born at term, there has been little investigation into whether this impaired immu...

May 20th, 2022 - This investigation involves patient enrollment, thaw and surgical transplantation of previously collected cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissue, a series of follow-up assessments during the first 2 years after transplantation and an annual survey after year 2. Screening visit (standard fertility consultation): The subject will complete a medical and reproductive history to document menstrual fu...

May 20th, 2022 - Anticytokine autoantibodies are an important and emerging cause of disease. Anticytokine autoantibody-associated diseases include disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection caused by anti-interferon- >= autoantibodies, severe mucocutaneous candidiasis caused by anti-interleukin-17 autoantibodies, and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis caused by anti-granulocyte macrophage colony stimulatin...

May 20th, 2022 - Objective: In this pilot study, we wish to determine the effects of Raltegravir, a clinically approved HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, on HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) in patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). We will also provide safety and tolerability information on Raltegravir use in this condition and examine the correlation of immune activation marker...

May 20th, 2022 - Background The requirement for licensure of human cell and blood products became part of the FDA final rules for Human Cells, Tissues, and Tissue-Based Products (HCT/Ps) (March 29, 2004 and May 25, 2005) in an effort to prevent transmission of communicable disease, minimize contamination and preserved integrity and function during processing, outline safety and effectiveness requirements for ce...

May 20th, 2022 - Background: Genetic and sporadic mutations on one allele of the GATA2 gene lead to a syndrome termed MonoMAC. MonoMAC is characterized by: 1) infections with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and other opportunistic infections, 2) deficiency of monocytes, B-lymphocytes, and Natural Killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood, and 3) progression to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelomono...

May 20th, 2022 - In this study we are planning to establish a repository of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and plasma. We are planning to collect a small amount of additional CSF and blood on subjects who are already going to have a lumbar puncture as part of their research or clinical care at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This will allow us to study whether there is an association between neurolo...

May 20th, 2022 - This is a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, Phase 1 study designed to assess safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of 2 formulations of adjuvanted anthrax vaccine (AV7909), lyophilized and liquid. Forty healthy young adults, 18 to 45 years old, inclusive, who meet all eligibility criteria, will be randomly allocated to one of two study groups in a 1:1 ratio: 20 will receive AV7909 as ...