May 7th, 2020 - Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition characterized by insulin resistance and progressive failure of the insulin-secreting beta-cells. Previously considered a disease of adults, it is now becoming increasingly prevalent in children and adolescents. Patients with childhood onset T2DM are at very high risk for diabetes-related morbidity and mortality, due to a longer life-tim...

May 7th, 2020 - This protocol will permit the evaluation and treatment of subjects who are members of the minority community, for the purpose to facilitate understanding the pathogenesis and natural history of rheumatic diseases in this community. Patients will be evaluated with a history and physical examination and routine laboratory studies will be obtained as needed to assess diagnosis, disease activity, d...

May 7th, 2020 - The renewal of various tissues and organs at steady state or following damage relies upon a small population of locally residing tissue specific "stem cells" Stem cells from adult bone marrow represent an ideal stem cell source based on their ease of collection. In order to begin to explore the potential of adult bone marrow for the correction of genetic diseases that affect the blood such as s...

May 7th, 2020 - Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, occurring in over 230,000 women annually in the United States. The vast majority of breast cancers originate in the single layer of epithelial cells that line the ductal/lobular system of the breast milk ducts. The premalignant changes which occur in the transformed epithelium are not well understood, however several cytologic or...

May 7th, 2020 - Background: Ongoing research in the Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Sections, NCI, requires the availability of blood, serum, tumor, hair follicle and tissue samples from patients with cancer. Resistance is the underlying cause of treatment failure, and may present as acquired or intrinsic drug resistance. Patients with cancer frequently present with chemotherapy-responsive disease, and...

May 7th, 2020 - Background - Kidney, prostate, bladder, testis and penile cancer account for 22% of cancers diagnosed in the United States and are responsible for 10% of cancer deaths each year in the U.S. Understanding the genes and gene pathways that cause genitourinary malignancies will provide the foundation for the development of targeted therapeutic agents for patients affected with these cancers. Since ...

May 7th, 2020 - BACKGROUND: Evolving research initiatives in the Radiation Oncology Branch (ROB) NCI, depend upon the availability of blood and urine samples from patients receiving radiotherapy. Examples of planned studies include an exploration of the effects of radiotherapy on peripheral leukocyte phenotype, peripheral blood protein and metabolism changes as well as measurements of matrix metalloproteinases...

May 7th, 2020 - BACKGROUND: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) is the most common cancer in men aged 20-35, with an increasing incidence since the mid-twentieth century. A family history of TGCT is associated with an increased risk of the disease. Evidence suggests that there is genetic heterogeneity in familial TGCT, thereby creating opportunities for both new susceptibility gene discovery and searching for g...

May 7th, 2020 - The ASPIRE study is a clinical trial designed to examine the microbes (e.g., bacteria) within psoriasis skin lesions compared with normal skin. The investigators will also examine the effect of NB-UVB (narrow-band ultraviolet B) phototherapy (i.e., light therapy) on skin microbes.

May 7th, 2020 - Human diseases are commonly manifested in the skeletal system. The skeleton may be the primary or secondary target of the disease and the disease may be congenital or acquired. While understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of bone and mineral disorders has increased in the last several years, much remains to be understood about the underlying biology of the skeleton. The gaps in the...

May 7th, 2020 - This pilot clinical trial studies the side effects and best dose of stereotactic body radiation therapy in treating patients with kidney cancer that has spread to other places in the body (metastatic) or has come back (recurrent). Stereotactic radiosurgery, also known as stereotactic body radiation therapy, is a specialized radiation therapy that delivers a single, high dose of radiation direct...

May 7th, 2020 - The purpose of this protocol is to allow for the careful screening of patients and healthy volunteers for participation in research protocols in the Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Lab (ETPB) at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and for the collection of natural history data. In addition the protocol will allow clinicians to gain more experience in the use of a variet...

May 7th, 2020 - Nonsyndromic hereditary hearing impairment is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that can be caused by mutations in any one of at least 60 different genes. Enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is a radiologic finding known to be associated with mutations in one of these genes, the Pendred syndrome gene (SLC26A4, formerly known as PDS). EVA may thus serve as a clinically useful marker ...

May 7th, 2020 - Improved viral screening assays and more intensive questioning of donors for high-risk behaviors have resulted in dramatic declines in the rates of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis and AIDS. Nonetheless, there is need for continued vigilance of the safety of blood supply. This study will enroll blood donors and prospectively followed blood recipients in order to: 1) establish ongoing surveilla...

May 7th, 2020 - Patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) have (a) an illness that began as a primary infection with EBV or markedly elevated titers of antibodies to EBV, (b) histological evidence of organ disease, and (c) elevated EBV DNA levels in the blood or EBV DNA or proteins in affected tissues. This is primarily a disease of children and young adults. Many of these patients develop hypoga...

May 7th, 2020 - Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirate (EBUS-TBNA) is a technique used to take samples of body tissue inside the chest without having to undergo an operation. During this procedure, a special telescope (called a bronchoscope) is inserted through the mouth into the airways. Ultrasound technology allows the doctor to see the structures just outside the airway. By being abl...

May 7th, 2020 - The aim of this study is to document all patients with AML who are treated with the BCL2 inhibitor Venetoclax outside a clinical trial in all hospitals participating in this registry study in a standardised manner. Data is collected retrospectively and multi-centric. It is neither a therapy study nor is the therapy influenced by this study. Systematic and uniform collection and documentation of...

May 7th, 2020 - Syphilis is a major issue worldwide causing 5.6 million new cases of syphilis worldwide, of which over 900,000 are pregnant women. It is also responsible for congenital infections causing fetal loss or stillbirth or, in a live-born infant, neonatal death, prematurity and low birth weight. Penicillin is the currently used treatment. However, lack of penicillin and alternatives to treatment often...

May 7th, 2020 - This is a randomized multicenter study that will compare two treatment regimens (Kyprolis, Revlimid, dexamethasone -KRD vs. Velcade, Revlimid, dexamethasone -VRD) for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

May 7th, 2020 - End-of-life (EOL) care for heart failure (HF) patients includes high healthcare utilization and costs, in part due to the lack of integration of optimal HF management and home-based palliative care. In a pilot quality improvement project of clinician "nudges" to enroll seriously ill HF patients in a home-based, integrated HF and palliative care platform, the investigators demonstrated decreased...