Aug 10th, 2020 - Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for acid suppression in the treatment and prevention of many conditions, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric and duodenal ulcers, erosive esophagitis, Helicobacter pylori infection, and pathological hypersecretory conditions. Most PPIs are metabolized primarily by cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) into inactive metabolites, and CYP2C19 g...

Mar 20th, 2020 - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used analgesics due to their lack of addictive potential. However, NSAIDs have the potential to cause serious gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular adverse events. CYP2C9 polymorphisms influence metabolism and clearance of several drugs in this class, thereby affecting drug exposure and potentially safety. We summar...

May 10th, 2019 - The use of cannabis medications has grown in recent years for the symptomatic relief of chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting (CINV) and chronic pain (cancer-related and non-cancer-related). As states legalize the use of cannabis, it is important for pharmacists and other health care professionals to be aware of how to counsel patients receiving prescriptions for cannabis medications. The aim of...

Nov 18th, 2018 - Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity exhibits a monogenic codominant inheritance and catabolizes thiopurines. TPMT variant alleles are associated with low enzyme activity and pronounced pharmacologic effects of thiopurines. Loss-of-function alleles in the NUDT15 gene are common in Asians and Hispanics and reduce the degradation of active thiopurine nucleotide metabolites, also predispos...

Sep 8th, 2018 - Voriconazole (VRZ) is a second-generation triazole antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity. It is available in both intravenous and oral formulations, and is primarily indicated for treating invasive aspergillosis. The most commonly used dose for adults is 4 mg/kg or 200 mg twice daily. VRZ presents nonlinear pharmacokinetics in adults, whereas drug-drug interactions and cytochrome P450 2...

Nov 21st, 2017 - The purpose of this guideline is to provide information for the interpretation of clinical dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) genotype tests so that the results can be used to guide dosing of fluoropyrimidines (5-fluorouracil and capecitabine). Detailed guidelines for the use of fluoropyrimidines, their clinical pharmacology, as well as analyses of cost-effectiveness are beyond the scope of...

Nov 10th, 2017 - Estimating and interpreting the pharmacokinetic profiles of individual patients with hemophilia A or B using a population pharmacokinetic approach: communication from the SSC of the ISTH.|2017|Iorio A,Blanchette V,Blatny J,Collins P,Fischer K,|drug effects,administration & dosage,pharmacokinetics,administration & dosage,pharmacokinetics,administration & dosage,pharmacokinetics,blood,diagnosis,d...

Oct 25th, 2017 - The Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) earlier this year recommended to suspend some marketing authorisations for Gadolinium Containing Contrast Agents (GCCAs) based on linear chelators due to the potential risk of gadolinium retention in the human body. These recommendations have recently been re-evaluated by EMA's Committee for Medicinal ...

Sep 12th, 2017 - The American Diabetes Association (ADA) annually updates Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payers, and other interested parties with evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with diabetes. For the 2017 Standards of Care, the ADA Professional Practice Committee did MEDLINE searches from 1 January 2016 to Novembe...

Jun 1st, 2017 - Historically, fruit juice was recommended by pediatricians as a source of vitamin C and as an extra source of water for healthy infants and young children as their diets expanded to include solid foods with higher renal solute load. It was also sometimes recommended for children with constipation. Fruit juice is marketed as a healthy, natural source of vitamins and, in some instances, calcium. ...

Apr 18th, 2017 - To provide guidelines for health care providers on the use of contraceptive methods to prevent pregnancy and on the promotion of healthy sexuality. Overall efficacy of cited contraceptive methods, assessing reduction in pregnancy rate, safety, and side effects; the effect of cited contraceptive methods on sexual health and general well-being; and the availability of cited contraceptive methods ...

Mar 2nd, 2017 - The study of medications among pediatric patients has increased worldwide since 1997 in response to new legislation and regulations, but these studies have not yet adequately addressed the therapeutic needs of neonates. Additionally, extant guidance developed by regulatory agencies worldwide does not fully address the specificities of neonatal drug development, especially among extremely premat...

Dec 21st, 2016 - Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline (CPIC) for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and dosing of tricyclic antidepressants: 2016 update.|2016|Hicks JK,Sangkuhl K,Swen JJ,Ellingrod VL,Müller DJ,|adverse effects,pharmacokinetics,genetics,genetics,methods,standards,genetics,

Dec 17th, 2016 - Voriconazole, a triazole antifungal agent, demonstrates wide interpatient variability in serum concentrations, due in part to variant CYP2C19 alleles. Individuals who are CYP2C19 ultrarapid metabolizers have decreased trough voriconazole concentrations, delaying achievement of target blood concentrations; whereas poor metabolizers have increased trough concentrations and are at increased risk o...

Oct 19th, 2016 - Recommendations for Management of Clinically Significant Drug-Drug Interactions With Statins and Select Agents Used in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.|2016|Wiggins BS,Saseen JJ,Page RL,Reed BN,Sneed K,|diagnosis,drug therapy,epidemiology,diagnosis,drug therapy,epidemiology,adverse effects,pharmacokinetics,

Jun 18th, 2016 - Enhanced half-life factor VIII and IX products are being introduced into routine clinical practice. Published data report on clinical trials and there are limited data available on how to use these products in routine clinical practice. Many patients, for example, those with a past history of an inhibitor, have been excluded from clinical trials and there are limited data published on children....

Apr 6th, 2016 - KASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatitis C.|2016| ,|pharmacokinetics,therapeutic use,genetics,diagnosis,drug therapy,pathology,therapeutic use,blood,

Mar 2nd, 2016 - L-asparaginase is an integral component of therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, asparaginase-related complications, including the development of hypersensitivity reactions, can limit its use in individual patients. Of considerable concern in the setting of clinical allergy is the development of neutralizing antibodies and associated asparaginase inactivity. Also problematic in the...

Feb 26th, 2016 - When and how to use antidotes for the reversal of direct oral anticoagulants: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH.|2016|Levy JH,Ageno W,Chan NC,Crowther M,Verhamme P,|therapeutic use,administration & dosage,adverse effects,adverse effects,pharmacokinetics,therapeutic use,analogs & derivatives,therapeutic use,drug effects,adverse effects,pharmacokinetics,therapeutic use,therapeutic use,chemically ...

Jan 26th, 2016 - The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) treatment algorithm recommends chronic symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOAs) including glucosamine sulfate (GS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) as first-line therapy for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Numerous studies are published on the use of SYSADOAs in OA; however, the efficacy o...