Feb 3rd, 2022 - WAIKOLOA, Hawaii — Systemic effects of anti-VEGF in retinopathy of prematurity have not been ruled out, so it may be wise to use bevacizumab in lower doses or switch to agents with less systemic exposure, according to one presenter. “The BEAT-ROP study demonstrated a beneficial effect for bevacizumab vs. laser in the treatment of zone I, stage 3+ ROP. But one thing I didn’t like was the complet...

Dec 6th, 2022 - Stockholm, Sweden — Because half of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in France have blood glucose levels that are outside of their target range, the idea of remission from the condition is not at the forefront of doctors' minds. It takes second place to glycemic control. Yet, an international consensus suggests that modern-day medicines now make remission possible in those recently diagnosed...

Dec 6th, 2022 - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of central visual loss in the developed world. Although the pathogenesis is not fully understood, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered the most important growth factor involved in angiogenesis and exudation in neovascular AMD eyes. Advances in anti-VEGF agents have changed the treatment approach for wet AMD, allowing bet...

Dec 6th, 2022 - A considerable proportion of Crohn's disease patients that undergo ileocecal resection (ICR) have failed anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy preoperatively. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of retreatment of anti-TNF therapy in patients with postoperative recurrence. A real-world cohort study was performed on Crohn's disease patients who underwent primary ICR after anti-TNF the...

Dec 6th, 2022 - Our previous study illustrated that nuclear factor IX (NFIX) promotes glioblastoma (GBM) progression by inducing migration and proliferation of GBM cells. However, the underlying mechanism of how NFIX regulates GBM cell proliferation remains obscure. In this study, we uncovered that Go-Ichi-Ni-San 1 (GINS1) is up-regulated and positively correlated with NFIX in human GBM specimen. NFIX silencin...

Dec 6th, 2022 - In an attempt to identify potent antitumor agents for the fight against non-small cell lung cancer, new thiazolyl hydrazones (2a-n) were synthesized and examined for their in vitro cytotoxic effects on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and L929 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells by means of the MTT assay. Furthermore, the effects of the most potent anticancer agents on apoptosis and Akt inhibition w...

Dec 6th, 2022 - Gliomas, especially the glioblastomas, are one of the most aggressive intracranial tumors with poor prognosis. This might be explained by the heterogeneity of tumor cells and the inhibitory immunological microenvironment. Dendritic cells (DCs), as the most potent in vivo functional antigen-presenting cells, link innate immunity with adaptive immunity. However, their function is suppressed in gl...

Dec 5th, 2022 - To determine the risk of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (HRs), contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI), nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), and gadolinium retention associated with use of intra-arterial gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from 1988 (GBCA approved for clinical use) to...

Dec 5th, 2022 - Melanocyte damage, innate immune response, adaptive immune response, and immune inflammatory microenvironment disorders are involved in the development of the immunological pathogenic mechanism of vitiligo. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered an ideal type of cells for the treatment of vitiligo owing to their low immunogenicity, lower rates of transplant rejection, and ability to secrete nume...

Dec 5th, 2022 - Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute or subacute onset of neurological symptoms (e.g., headache, seizure, confusion, vomiting, and diminished eyesight) and impaired endothelial barrier function of the cerebral circulation that leads to bilateral subcortical vasogenic edema, while exhibiting a "reversible" feature in most cases. Clinic...

Dec 5th, 2022 - All prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including parasites, release extracellular vesicles or exosomes that contain selected proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, glycoconjugates, and metabolites. Leishmania exosomes are highly enriched in small RNAs derived from the rRNAs and tRNAs of the protozoan parasite species. Here, using plasma exosomes isolated by a kit and next-generation sequencing, we report th...

Dec 4th, 2022 - From a historic lens, treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM) has advanced significantly since the advent of immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) in the 1990s, proteasome inhibitors in the 2000s, monoclonal antibodies in the 2010s, and CAR-T treatments in the 2020s. However, the availability of multiple new therapies has also created significant ambiguity regarding ...

Dec 4th, 2022 - Ewing sarcoma is a pediatric bone and soft tissue cancer with an urgent need for new therapies to improve disease outcome. To identify effective drugs, phenotypic drug screening has proven to be a powerful method, but achievable throughput in mouse xenografts, the preclinical Ewing sarcoma standard model, is limited. Here, we explored the use of xenografts in zebrafish for high-throughput drug ...

Dec 4th, 2022 - Bacterial pneumonia is a major risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), an opportunistic pathogen with an increasing resistance acquired against multiple drugs, is one of the main causative agents of ALI and ARDS in diverse clinical settings. Given the anti-inflammatory role of the cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R), the eff...

Dec 4th, 2022 - Growing evidence describes the host immune response mechanism involved in malaria. Despite the spread of drug resistance, chloroquine (CQ) remains the main antimalarial drug in most countries in Latin America and Asia. Studies have indicated an immunomodulatory activity of CQ, however, the potential implications for CQ on immunological memory recognizing the malaria parasite are still being elu...

Dec 4th, 2022 - There have been extensive studies on the immunological mechanism of primary membranous nephropathy (PMN). Autoantibodies, being the end product of humoral auto-immunity, matter much in diagnosis, therapy and prediction. Although PMN has been thought of as oligoinflammatory glomerulopathy, autoimmune diseases usually involve inflammation and it may be long-lasting. Cytokines are key mediators an...

Dec 3rd, 2022 - Patients with higher risk chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) have limited therapeutic options beyond hydroxyurea and hypomethylating agents (HMAs). Regimens based on a backbone of cladribine (CLAD), low-dose cytarabine (LDAC), and an HMA are effective low-intensity therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The authors conducted a retrospective chart review to evaluate the efficacy of CLAD...

Dec 3rd, 2022 - For patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the dose of targeted agents was recommended in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We performed a network meta-analysis to describe a categorized safety ranking profile and assess the adaptability of the combination options of targeted agents. The targeted agents refer to vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine ...

Dec 3rd, 2022 - Standardized residency training is an essential aspect of enhancing the ability of cancer prevention and screening of residents. The current study was performed to investigate tumor prevention, screening literacy and the training demands of standardized training residents and explore related influencing factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 residents of The First Hospital of...

Dec 3rd, 2022 - Ongoing angiogenesis renders the tumor endothelium unresponsive to inflammatory cytokines and interferes with adhesion of leukocytes, resulting in escape from immunity. This process is referred to as tumor endothelial cell anergy. We aimed to investigate whether anti-angiogenic agents can overcome endothelial cell anergy and provide pro-inflammatory conditions. Tissues of renal cell carcinoma (...