Jan 19th, 2022 - WAIKOLOA, Hawaii — Fluorescence imaging can be an important tool for early detection of retinal diseases, according to a presentation at Retina 2022. Rishi P. Singh, MD, said that technologies such as fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) and oxidized flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) provide opportunities to identify cell dysfunction before it occurs....

Oct 13th, 2021 - Advance diagnostic and treatment modalities have improved outcomes for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, but the prognosis for those with metastatic disease (mRCC) remains poor. As given metastatic distribution is critical in guiding treatment decisions for mRCC patients, we evaluated evolving metastatic patterns to assess if our current practice standards effectively address patient needs.

May 23rd, 2022 - Posterior uveitis represents the second most frequent type of uveitis (15-30% of all uveitis). Noninfectious posterior uveitis complicated with secondary cystoid macular edema (CME) affects the visual prognosis negatively. The objective of the current study is to detect possible microvascular changes causing relapsing uveitis-related CME using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Th...

May 22nd, 2022 - Astrocytes outline the perivascular space (PVS) and regulate fluids exchange through the aquaporin-4 water channel. Since neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune astrocytopathy targeting aquaporin-4, we hypothesize that it could be associatied with PVS abnormalities. Thirty-four patients and 46 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from two independent cohorts (exploratory- and validation-dataset...

May 22nd, 2022 - Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is being explored to improve cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) therapy. However, it remains difficult to predict which ICI will be effective for individual patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a co-culture method with patient-derived CCA organoids and immune cells, which could represent anti-cancer immunity in vitro. CCA organoid...

May 22nd, 2022 - The simultaneous presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and secondary tricuspid regurgitation (STR) portends particularly poor outcomes. However, not all patients with PAH develop significant STR, and the mechanisms and clinical implications underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. We sought to describe the functional, anatomic, hemodynamic, and clinical characteristics of patients...

May 22nd, 2022 - Cuprizone (CPZ) is a copper chelator used to produce a reversible oligodendrocytopathy in animals, which has some similarities to the pathology found in human multiple sclerosis (MS). This model is attractive to study remyelination. To demonstrate that a two-week period after cessation of CPZ exposure is sufficient to establish changes compatible with remyelination, without accompanying behavio...

May 22nd, 2022 - Sulcogyral patterns have been identified in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) based on the continuity of the medial and lateral orbital sulci. Pattern types are named according to their frequency in the population, with Type I present in ∼60%, Type II in ∼25%, Type III in ∼10%, and Type IV in ∼5%. Previous work has demonstrated that psychiatric conditions with high estimated heritability (e.g. sch...

May 22nd, 2022 - Computer-aided color parameter imaging (CPI) is a novel technique for contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) that can highlight hemodynamic features of focal lesions. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of CPI in evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) hemodynamic features and prognosis after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). One hundred twenty-one patients with HCC underwent CE...

May 22nd, 2022 - Acceleration of MRI acquisitions and especially of T2-weighted sequences is essential to reduce the duration of MRI examinations but also kinetic artifacts in liver imaging. The purpose of this study was to compare the acquisition time and the image quality of a single-shot fat-suppressed turbo spin-echo (TSE) T2-weighted sequence with deep learning reconstruction (HASTEDL) with that of a fat-s...

May 22nd, 2022 - Endocytoscopy (ECS) enables microscopic observation in vivo for the gastrointestinal mucosa; however, there has been no prospective study in which the diagnostic accuracy of ECS for lesions that have not yet undergone histological diagnosis was evaluated. We conducted a surveillance study for patients in a high-risk group of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and evaluated the in vivo hi...

May 22nd, 2022 - The majority of children with COVID-19 have only minor symptoms or none at all. COVID-19, on the other hand, can cause serious illness in some children, necessitating hospitalization, intensive care, and invasive ventilation. Many studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 affects not only the respiratory system, but also other vital organs in the body. We report here a child with an atraumatic sple...

May 21st, 2022 - The authors' objective was to study clinical, imaging, and neuropsychological changes in children who underwent surgery for a temporal arachnoid cyst (TAC). Thirty-four children were prospectively assessed similarly at diagnosis and postoperatively (mean 14 months) with clinic visits, images, cognitive tests, and parental questionnaires on mood/behavior and executive functions. The scores were ...

May 21st, 2022 - The goal of the study was to define and quantify brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) compactness and to assess its effect on outcomes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for unruptured bAVMs. Unsupervised machine learning with fuzzy c-means clustering was used to differentiate the tissue constituents of bAVMs on T2-weighted MR images. The percentages of vessel, brain, and CSF were quantif...

May 21st, 2022 - Tractography is one way to predict the distribution of cortical functional domains preoperatively. Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) is commonly used in clinical practice but is known to have limitations in delineating crossed fibers, which can be overcome by q-ball imaging tractography (QBT). In this study, we aimed to compare the reliability of these two methods, based on the spatial correl...

May 21st, 2022 - A good response to initial therapy is key to maximizing survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but patients with chemorefractory disease and early progression have poor outcomes. Data from the GOYA study in patients with DLBCL who received first-line rituximab or obinutuzumab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) were analyzed. Positron...

May 21st, 2022 - Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of genetic neurodegenerative diseases characterised by upper motor neuron (UMN) impairment of the lower limbs. The differential diagnosis with primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can be challenging. As microglial iron accumulation was reported in the primary motor cortex (PMC) of ALS cases, here we assessed the r...

May 21st, 2022 - Behavioral symptoms, including mood disorders, substantially impact the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), even when clinical remission is achieved. Here, we used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine if IBD is associated with changes in the structure and function of deep gray matter brain regions that regulate and integrate emotional, cognitiv...

May 21st, 2022 - To compare quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography parameters between polypoidal choroidal neovascularizations (PCNVs) and Type 1 choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs) in patients with age-related macular degeneration. PCNV and Type 1 CNV lesions were retrospectively recruited in a cohort of patients with age-related macular degeneration. All the patients underwent a comprehensive ...

May 21st, 2022 - Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone sarcoma in children. Imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnostic workup, surgical planning, and follow-up monitoring for possible disease relapse. Survival depends on multiple factors, including presence or absence of metastatic disease, chemotherapy response, and surgical margins. At diagnosis, radiography and anatomic MRI are used to characterize th...