Apr 21st, 2022 - Mineworkers in Southern Africa have the highest rates of tuberculosis (TB) among working populations in the world (The World Bank, Benefits and costs associated with reducing tuberculosis among Southern Africa's mineworkers, 2014), making mineworkers a key population for TB program efforts. The current evaluation aimed to characterize mineworkers and former (ex-) mineworkers, and assess knowled...

Mar 26th, 2022 - In the wake of a large burden of silicosis and tuberculosis among ex-miners from the South African gold mining industry, several programmes have been engaged in examining and compensating those at risk of these diseases. Availability of a database from one such programme, the Q(h)ubeka Trust, provided an opportunity to examine the accuracy of length of service in predicting compensable silicosi...

Mar 21st, 2022 - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive form of fibrosing interstitial pneumonia with poor survival. This study provides insight into the epidemiology, cost, and disease course of IPF in Germany. A cohort of incident patients with IPF (n = 1737) was identified from German claims data (2014-2019). Incidence and prevalence rates were calculated and adjusted for age differences compar...

Mar 12th, 2022 - COVID-19, SARS and MERS are diseases that present an important health burden worldwide. This situation demands resource allocation to the healthcare system, affecting especially middle- and low-income countries. Thus, identifying the main cost drivers is relevant to optimize patient care and resource allocation. To systematically identify and summarize the current status of knowledge on direct ...

Mar 9th, 2022 - The World Health Organization is expected to recommend truncating treatment of children with mild tuberculosis by 2 months — from 6 months to 4 — after a randomized trial found similar outcomes with the shorter regimen. An international team of investigators found the abbreviated course of antibiotics was no less effective or safe than conventional treatment and saved an average of $17.34 per c...

Feb 26th, 2022 - Although serologic tests for COVID-19 diagnosis are rarely indicated nowadays, they remain commercially available and widely used in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of anti-SARS-CoV-2antibody diagnostic tests for COVID-19 in Brazil. Eleven commercially available diagnostic tests, comprising five lateral-flow immunochromatographic assays (LFAs) and six ...

Feb 26th, 2022 - This systematic review aims to describe 1) the epidemiology of the diseases indicated for treatment with growth hormone (GH) in Italy; 2) the adherence to the GH treatment in Italy and factors associated with non-adherence; 3) the economic impact of GH treatment in Italy; 4) the quality of life of patients treated with GH and their caregivers in Italy. Systematic literature searches were perfor...

Feb 25th, 2022 - Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have higher health services use than those without IBD. We investigated patient and hospital characteristics of major ambulatory surgery encounters for Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) vs non-IBD patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study using 2017 Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample. Major ambulatory surgery encounters among p...

Feb 23rd, 2022 - We sought to evaluate the yield, cost, feasibility, and acceptability of routine tuberculosis (TB) screening of pregnant women in Cotonou, Benin. Mixed-methods, cross-sectional study with a cost assessment. Eight participating health facilities in Cotonou, Benin. Consecutive pregnant women presenting for antenatal care at any participating site who were not in labor or currently being treated f...

Feb 19th, 2022 - Neural tube defect is one of the top five most serious birth defects in the world. In Ethiopia an accurate estimate of the trend and burden of neural tube defects is still unknown. There hasn't been much research done on the prevalence and trend of neural tube defects in Eastern Ethiopia. To complement previous efforts of studies, the purpose of this study is to estimate the trend and burden of...

Feb 17th, 2022 - Odevixibat (Bylvay) for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis-associated pruritus.|2022||adverse effects,economics,pharmacology,therapeutic use,adverse effects,economics,pharmacology,therapeutic use,drug therapy,

Feb 16th, 2022 - Understanding inequalities in SARS-CoV-2 transmission associated with the social determinants of health could help the development of effective mitigation strategies that are responsive to local transmission dynamics. This study aims to quantify social determinants of geographic concentration of SARS-CoV-2 cases across 16 census metropolitan areas (hereafter, cities) in 4 Canadian provinces, Br...

Feb 10th, 2022 - There is an urgent need for better diagnostic and analytical methods for vaccine research and infection control in virology. This has been highlighted by recently emerging viral epidemics and pandemics (Zika, SARS-CoV-2), and recurring viral outbreaks like the yellow fever outbreaks in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (2016) and in Brazil (2016-2018). Current assays to determine neut...

Feb 10th, 2022 - How Prolonged Isolation Affects People With Parkinson Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic.|2022|Suran M,|etiology,diagnosis,psychology,psychology,economics,

Feb 5th, 2022 - To evaluate the cost effectiveness of universal screening for hepatitis B immunity and vaccination among pregnant women in the United States. We designed a decision-analytic model to evaluate the outcomes, costs, and cost effectiveness associated with universal hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunity screening in pregnancy with vaccination of susceptible individuals compared with no screening. A theor...

Feb 5th, 2022 - Despite existing therapies, people with lupus nephritis progress to kidney failure and have reduced life expectancy. Belimumab and voclosporin are two new disease-modifying therapies recently approved for the treatment of lupus nephritis. A de novo economic model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of these therapies, including the following health states: "complete response," "par...

Feb 4th, 2022 - In 2019, the Murdoch Children's Research Institute in partnership with the Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services carried out an integrated mass drug administration (MDA) for the treatment of scabies and lymphatic filariasis in the Northern Division of Fiji (population estimate 131,914). We conducted a retrospective micro-costing exercise focused on the cost of scabies control in order to...

Feb 3rd, 2022 - The impact of COVID-19 on socio-economical activities has changed everyday life. Dental hygienists, who perform aerosol generating procedures, have been strongly affected by changes in routine procedures. This cross-sectional study aimed at carrying out an online survey among dental hygienists in Lombardy. The survey was implemented after the first-wave lockdown focusing on the level of knowled...

Feb 3rd, 2022 - The M72/AS01E tuberculosis vaccine showed 50% (95%CI: 2-74%) efficacy in a phase 2B trial in preventing active pulmonary tuberculosis disease, but potential cost-effectiveness of adolescent immunisation is unknown. We estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of six scenarios of routine adolescent M72/AS01E-like vaccination in South Africa and India. All scenarios suggested an M72/AS01E-like ...

Jan 27th, 2022 - COVID-19 has exposed stark inequalities between resource-rich and resource-poor countries. International UN- and WHO-led efforts, such as COVAX, have provided SARS-CoV-2 vaccines but half of African countries have less than 2% vaccinated in their population, and only 15 have reached 10% by October 2021, further disadvantaging local economic recovery. Key for this implementation and preventing f...