Apr 19th, 2022 - Crossing the endothelium from the entry site and spreading in the bloodstream are crucial but obscure steps in the pathogenesis of many emerging viruses. Previous studies confirmed that porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) caused intestinal infection by intranasal inoculation. However, the role of the nasal endothelial barrier in PEDV translocation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that ...

Apr 9th, 2022 - Pulmonary infections caused by Bordetella pertussis used to be the prime cause of infant mortality in the pre-vaccine era and mouse models of pertussis pneumonia served in characterization of B. pertussis virulence mechanisms. However, the biologically most relevant catarrhal disease stage and B. pertussis transmission has not been adequately reproduced in adult mice due to limited proliferatio...

Apr 5th, 2022 - Lymphatic filariasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease prioritized for global elimination. The filarial nematodes that cause the disease host a symbiotic bacterium, Wolbachia, which has been targeted using antibiotics, leading to cessation of parasite embryogenesis, waning of circulating larvae (microfilariae [mf]), and gradual cure of adult infection. One of the benefits of the anti...

Mar 30th, 2022 - In Ethiopia, ixodid ticks and associated tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are of great importance from both a veterinary and public health point of view. This review aimed at compiling available published data on the distribution of ixodid tick species and TBPs in the country. A standard review approach was employed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA...

Mar 24th, 2022 - Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is an important pathogen that seriously influences the productivity of small ruminants worldwide. We showed previously that PPRV induced sustained autophagy for their replication in host cells. Many studies have shown that exosomes released from virus-infected cells contain a variety of viral and host cellular factors that are able to modulate the recipie...

Mar 23rd, 2022 - The Role of Children and Young People in the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2.|2022|Götzinger F,Strenger V,|epidemiology,metabolism,transmission,virology,epidemiology,transmission,virology,genetics,immunology,

Mar 20th, 2022 - Scientists struggle to probe COVID's origins amid sparse data from China.|2022|Maxmen A,|virology,epidemiology,transmission,virology,epidemiology,supply & distribution,isolation & purification,epidemiology,transmission,virology,organization & administration,

Mar 18th, 2022 - Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an efficacious treatment for patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (rCDI). Stool banks facilitate FMT by providing screened faecal suspensions from highly selected healthy donors. Due to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the potential risk of SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission via FMT, many sto...

Mar 18th, 2022 - Epidemiological evidence and recommendations from the World Health Organization suggest that close face-to-face interactions pose a particular coronavirus transmission risk. The real-life prevalence and nature of such high-risk contacts are understudied, however. Here, we video-observed high-risk contacts in outdoor public places in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We f...

Mar 18th, 2022 - To assess the rates of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in babies born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the timing of mother-to-child transmission and perinatal outcomes, and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 status in offspring. Living systematic review and meta-analysis. Major databases between 1 December 2019 and 3 August 2021. Cohort studies of pregnant and recently pregnant women (including aft...

Mar 18th, 2022 - In the United States, most new cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belong to the at-risk group of gay and bisexual men. Developing therapies to reverse viral latency and prevent spread is paramount for the HIV cure agenda. In gay and bisexual men, a major, yet poorly characterized, route of HIV entry is via transport across the colonic epithelial barrier. While colonic tears and paracel...

Mar 17th, 2022 - Surge of HIV, tuberculosis and COVID feared amid war in Ukraine.|2022|Roberts L,|supply & distribution,statistics & numerical data,diagnosis,epidemiology,transmission,drug therapy,epidemiology,prevention & control,statistics & numerical data,epidemiology,transmission,supply & distribution,epidemiology,prevention & control,transmission,drug therapy,epidemiology,transmission,epidemiology,epidemio...

Mar 15th, 2022 - The uneven spread of COVID-19 has resulted in disparate experiences for marginalized populations in urban centers. Using computational models, we examine the effects of local cohesion on COVID-19 spread in social contact networks for the city of San Francisco, finding that more early COVID-19 infections occur in areas with strong local cohesion. This spatially correlated process tends to affect...

Mar 14th, 2022 - Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to other mammals, including pet animals, has been reported. However, with the exception of farmed mink, there is no previous evidence that these infected animals can infect humans, resulting in sustained human-to-human transmission. Following a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection of a pet shop worker, animals in the shop and the warehouse supplying it were test...

Mar 11th, 2022 - Notes from the Field: Congenital Varicella Syndrome Case - Illinois, 2021.|2022|Leung J,Reid HD,Morgan J,Kadyk H,Havener G,|diagnosis,diagnosis,transmission,

Mar 10th, 2022 - Audio Interview: Making Covid-19 Vaccines Available around the World.|2022|Rubin EJ,Baden LR,Hunter D,Morrissey S,|pharmacology,therapeutic use,drug therapy,epidemiology,prevention & control,transmission,supply & distribution,organization & administration,drug effects,genetics,

Mar 10th, 2022 - Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice in end-stage renal disease. The main issue which does not allow to utilize it fully is the number of organs available for transplant. Introduction of highly effective oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) enabled transplantation of HCV viremic organs to naive recipients. Despite an inc...

Mar 9th, 2022 - The COVID-19 pandemic has forever affected healthcare and posed an incredible challenge to our society to care for our sick. Patients with cancer were found early on to have higher rates of complications with COVID-19. Radiation therapy is an integral part of treatment for many types of gynecologic cancer and adaptation on its utilization during the pandemic varied across the globe. In this rev...

Mar 9th, 2022 - We report strong evidence of the importance of contact hubs (or superspreaders) in mitigating the current COVID-19 pandemic. Contact hubs have a much larger number of contacts than the average in the population, and play a key role on the effectiveness of vaccination strategies. By using an age-structures compartmental SEIAHRV (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected symptomatic, Asymptomatic, Hospitali...

Mar 8th, 2022 - Understanding how animal influenza A viruses (IAVs) acquire airborne transmissibility in humans and ferrets is needed to prepare for and respond to pandemics. Here, we investigated in ferrets the replication and transmission of swine H1N1 isolates P4 and G15, whose majority population had decreased polymerase activity and poor hemagglutinin (HA) stability, respectively. For both isolates, a min...