Sep 28th, 2022 - Preventing disease transmission between people and wildlife.|2022|Bendana C,|transmission,prevention & control,transmission,

Sep 15th, 2022 - Inferring the transmission direction between linked individuals living with HIV provides unparalleled power to understand the epidemiology that determines transmission. Phylogenetic ancestral-state reconstruction approaches infer the transmission direction by identifying the individual in whom the most recent common ancestor of the virus populations originated. While these methods vary in accur...

Sep 13th, 2022 - Reply to Wagman et al.: Data-driven assessments should establish the landscape of what is "within reach" of malaria transmission control.|2022|Costantini C,Chandre F,Corbel V,Moiroux N,Simard F,|prevention & control,transmission,

Sep 9th, 2022 - The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emphasized the need for evidence-based strategies for the safe operation of schools during pandemics that balance infection risk with the society's responsibility of allowing children to attend school. Due to limited empirical data, existing analyses assessing school-based interventions in pandemic situations often impose strong assum...

Sep 9th, 2022 - The high transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a primary driver of the COVID-19 pandemic. While existing interventions prevent severe disease, they exhibit mixed efficacy in preventing transmission, presumably due to their limited antiviral effects in the respiratory mucosa, whereas interventions targeting the sites of viral replication might more e...

Aug 30th, 2022 - Children in low-resource settings carry enteric pathogens asymptomatically and are frequently treated with antibiotics, resulting in opportunities for pathogens to be exposed to antibiotics when not the target of treatment (i.e., bystander exposure). We quantified the frequency of bystander antibiotic exposures for enteric pathogens and estimated associations with resistance among children in e...

Aug 30th, 2022 - Reply to Klein et al.: The importance of aerosol pH for airborne respiratory virus transmission.|2022|Oswin HP,Haddrell AE,Otero-Fernandez M,Mann JFS,Cogan TA,|virology,transmission,virology,transmission,

Aug 23rd, 2022 - Disease transmission prediction across wildlife is crucial for risk assessment of emerging infectious diseases. Susceptibility of host species to pathogens is influenced by the geographic, environmental, and phylogenetic context of the specific system under study. We used machine learning to analyze how such variables influence pathogen incidence for multihost pathogen assemblages, including on...

Aug 23rd, 2022 - The outbreak of Coronavirus disease, which originated in Wuhan, China in 2019, has affected the lives of billions of people globally. Throughout 2020, the reproduction number of COVID-19 was widely used by decision-makers to explain their strategies to control the pandemic. In this work, we deduce and analyze both initial and effective reproduction numbers for 12 diverse world regions between F...

Aug 18th, 2022 - To report a prospective epidemiological, virological and serological investigation of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a primary school. As part of a longitudinal, prospective, school-based surveillance study, this investigation involved repeated testing of 73 pupils, 9 teachers, 13 non-teaching staff and 26 household members of participants who tested positive, with rapid antigen tests and/or RT-PCR (...

Aug 17th, 2022 - Malaria remains a global driver of morbidity and mortality. To generate new antimalarials, one must elucidate the fundamental cell biology of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for the deadliest cases of malaria. A membranous and proteinaceous scaffold called the inner membrane complex (IMC) supports the parasite during morphological changes, including segmentation of daughter cell...

Aug 16th, 2022 - Although testing, contact tracing, and case isolation programs can mitigate COVID-19 transmission and allow the relaxation of social distancing measures, few countries worldwide have succeeded in scaling such efforts to levels that suppress spread. The efficacy of test-trace-isolate likely depends on the speed and extent of follow-up and the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. Here, we u...

Aug 12th, 2022 - The geographical spread and inter-host transmission of the subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) may be the most important issues for epidemiology. An integrated analysis, including phylogenetic trees, homology modeling, evolutionary dynamics, selection analysis and viral transmission, based on the gp85 gene sequences of the 665 worldwide ALV-J isolates during 1988-2020, was performed. A new ...

Aug 10th, 2022 - Koala retrovirus (KoRV) subtype A (KoRV-A) is currently in transition from exogenous virus to endogenous viral element, providing an ideal system to elucidate retroviral-host coevolution. We characterized KoRV geography using fecal DNA from 192 samples across 20 populations throughout the koala's range. We reveal an abrupt change in KoRV genetics and incidence at the Victoria/New South Wales st...

Aug 6th, 2022 - Airborne transmission occurs through droplet-mediated transport of viruses following the expulsion of an aerosol by an infected host. Transmission efficiency results from the interplay between virus survival in the drying droplet and droplet suspension time in the air, controlled by the coupling between water evaporation and droplet sedimentation. Furthermore, droplets are made of a respiratory...

Aug 4th, 2022 - Animal Reservoirs-Where the Next SARS-CoV-2 Variant Could Arise.|2022|Madhusoodanan J,|genetics,transmission,virology,virology,virology,genetics,

Jul 28th, 2022 - Susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection vary widely. Prior exposure to endemic coronaviruses, common in young children, may protect against SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated risk of severe COVID-19 among adults with and without exposure to young children in a large, integrated healthcare system. Adults with children 0-5 years were matched 1:1 to adults with children 6-11 years, 12-18 years, an...

Jul 27th, 2022 - Gaps in the provision of guideline-adherent prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services and maternal retention in care contribute to nearly 8000 Kenyan infants becoming infected with HIV annually. Interventions that routinize evidence-based PMTCT service delivery and foster consistent patient engagement are essential to eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The...

Jul 27th, 2022 - How long is COVID infectious? What scientists know so far.|2022|Adam D,|transmission,virology,transmission,virology,growth & development,pathogenicity,

Jul 23rd, 2022 - Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a human pathogen that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease, which can progress to severe neurological disease. EV-A71 infects humans via the human scavenger receptor B2 (hSCARB2). It can also infect neonatal mice experimentally. Wild-type (WT) EV-A71 strains replicate primarily in the muscle of neonatal mice; however, susceptibility lasts only for a week after birth....